[PATCH v4 0/9] iommu: Bounce page for untrusted devices
Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk
konrad.wilk at oracle.com
Mon Jun 10 15:42:41 UTC 2019
On Mon, Jun 03, 2019 at 09:16:11AM +0800, Lu Baolu wrote:
> The Thunderbolt vulnerabilities are public and have a nice
> name as Thunderclap [1] [3] nowadays. This patch series aims
> to mitigate those concerns.
>
> An external PCI device is a PCI peripheral device connected
> to the system through an external bus, such as Thunderbolt.
> What makes it different is that it can't be trusted to the
> same degree as the devices build into the system. Generally,
> a trusted PCIe device will DMA into the designated buffers
> and not overrun or otherwise write outside the specified
> bounds. But it's different for an external device.
>
> The minimum IOMMU mapping granularity is one page (4k), so
> for DMA transfers smaller than that a malicious PCIe device
> can access the whole page of memory even if it does not
> belong to the driver in question. This opens a possibility
> for DMA attack. For more information about DMA attacks
> imposed by an untrusted PCI/PCIe device, please refer to [2].
>
> This implements bounce buffer for the untrusted external
> devices. The transfers should be limited in isolated pages
> so the IOMMU window does not cover memory outside of what
> the driver expects. Previously (v3 and before), we proposed
> an optimisation to only copy the head and tail of the buffer
> if it spans multiple pages, and directly map the ones in the
> middle. Figure 1 gives a big picture about this solution.
>
> swiotlb System
> IOVA bounce page Memory
> .---------. .---------. .---------.
> | | | | | |
> | | | | | |
> buffer_start .---------. .---------. .---------.
> | |----->| |*******>| |
> | | | | swiotlb| |
> | | | | mapping| |
> IOMMU Page '---------' '---------' '---------'
> Boundary | | | |
> | | | |
> | | | |
> | |------------------------>| |
> | | IOMMU mapping | |
> | | | |
> IOMMU Page .---------. .---------.
> Boundary | | | |
> | | | |
> | |------------------------>| |
> | | IOMMU mapping | |
> | | | |
> | | | |
> IOMMU Page .---------. .---------. .---------.
> Boundary | | | | | |
> | | | | | |
> | |----->| |*******>| |
> buffer_end '---------' '---------' swiotlb'---------'
> | | | | mapping| |
> | | | | | |
> '---------' '---------' '---------'
> Figure 1: A big view of iommu bounce page
>
> As Robin Murphy pointed out, this ties us to using strict mode for
> TLB maintenance, which may not be an overall win depending on the
> balance between invalidation bandwidth vs. memcpy bandwidth. If we
> use standard SWIOTLB logic to always copy the whole thing, we should
> be able to release the bounce pages via the flush queue to allow
> 'safe' lazy unmaps. So since v4 we start to use the standard swiotlb
> logic.
>
> swiotlb System
> IOVA bounce page Memory
> buffer_start .---------. .---------. .---------.
> | | | | | |
> | | | | | |
> | | | | .---------.physical
> | |----->| | ------>| |_start
> | |iommu | | swiotlb| |
> | | map | | map | |
> IOMMU Page .---------. .---------. '---------'
The prior picture had 'buffer_start' at an offset in the page. I am
assuming you meant that here in as well?
Meaning it starts at the same offset as 'physical_start' in the right
side box?
> Boundary | | | | | |
> | | | | | |
> | |----->| | | |
> | |iommu | | | |
> | | map | | | |
> | | | | | |
> IOMMU Page .---------. .---------. .---------.
> Boundary | | | | | |
> | |----->| | | |
> | |iommu | | | |
> | | map | | | |
> | | | | | |
> IOMMU Page | | | | | |
> Boundary .---------. .---------. .---------.
> | | | |------->| |
> buffer_end '---------' '---------' swiotlb| |
> | |----->| | map | |
> | |iommu | | | |
> | | map | | '---------' physical
> | | | | | | _end
> '---------' '---------' '---------'
> Figure 2: A big view of simplified iommu bounce page
>
> The implementation of bounce buffers for untrusted devices
> will cause a little performance overhead, but we didn't see
> any user experience problems. The users could use the kernel
What kind of devices did you test it with?
Thank you for making this awesome cover letter btw!
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